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Project titleDevelopment of a multi-criteria model to justify technological solutions for the rational development of deep ore horizons

Research area 01 - MATHEMATICS, INFORMATICS, AND SYSTEM SCIENCES, 01-219 - Mathematical simulation in Earth sciences and environmental protection problems

Keywordsmulti-criteria decision-making methods, mathematical model, sustainable development of mining enterprises, deep horizons of open pits, mining and technical system, opening-up of an opencast system, energy efficient mining transport

Annotation
More than 100 mining enterprises are concentrated in the Chelyabinsk region, developing deposits of non-ferrous and ferrous metal ores, as well as non-metallic deposits. Mining and processing enterprises are the largest companies in terms of revenue, the stability of which largely depends on the stability of the region's economy. The largest mining enterprises of the Chelyabinsk region mine ore in deep open pits with a current depth of 200-300 m or more, the design depth of open pits is more than 400-600 m, some mining enterprises are switching to open-pit mining. Ore mining at large deposits has been carried out for several decades, which does not allow making an optimal decision on the main parameters of the mining system for the entire period and full depth of development. Mining operations at such deposits are carried out in stages. The mining system and its subsystems as well as the mining system and its subsystems are designed and developed in stages. With an increase in the depth of development, a high share in the cost of a mineral is the cost of transporting the rock mass (60-70% of the total development costs). The share of volumes of waste generation - overburden during the creation of a stripping scheme is increasing, reaching 20-35% of the total volume of overburden, the negative impact of transport on the environment is increasing. The deteriorating mining, economic and environmental conditions for the development of deposits in the Chelyabinsk region with a high intensity of mining development force subsoil users to justify the justification of the mining system development strategies by changing the parameters of open mining or switching to an open-pit mining method. The issues of substantiating the parameters of the mining system in this area are not sufficiently developed, and the decisions made are cardinal for mining enterprises. One of the most complex, time consuming and costly changes to a mining system is changing an existing or creating a new stripping pattern for a quarry or future underground mine. Moreover, the most difficult to implement changes in the future can provide the best technical and economic indicators of the transportation process. Therefore, at each stage of the field development, when substantiating the options for opening and transporting the rock mass, it is necessary to take into account a large number of economic, technical, technological, environmental and social factors that affect the effectiveness of decisions. At the same time, the analytical methods used do not allow taking into account the multifactor nature of the problem, different target values of the parameters taken into account, and the influence of the parameter weight on the final solution. These circumstances determined the need to develop a combined multicriteria model to justify the parameters of the mining system and its subsystems for the conditions of deep pit horizons. The use of the model is aimed at achieving the goals of sustainable development - economic, social and environmental efficiency, mining enterprises of the Chelyabinsk region, developing steeply dipping deposits using open and open-pit geotechnologies. Scientific novelty is: - application of a combination of multi-criteria analysis methods to select technological solutions for the rational development of deep horizon reserves, which allows taking into account not only technological and economic, but also technical, social and environmental factors at the decision-making stage, as well as qualitative and quantitative values of the parameters for assessing the system under consideration, weight coefficients of each parameter and their target values; - development of technological solutions for the use of a new design of quarry lifts, combining the functions of transporting rock mass, delivering equipment and materials for servicing a transfer point in a quarry, which eliminates the need to maintain a system of transport exits when using a quarry as an opening working when switching to an open-underground mining method , which will significantly reduce capital and operating costs for the development of deep ore horizonts .

Expected results
As a result of the research carried out, a model will be developed that uses a combination of multi-criteria analysis methods that are widely used in world practice for decision making. The use of multicriteria analysis methods, including combinations of various methods, is widely used to solve various problems in many industries around the world. The developed model can be used by specialists of mining enterprises of the Chelyabinsk region, as well as representatives of design and research organizations to substantiate the parameters of the mining system and its subsystems during ore mining at deep quarry levels. The use of the model is aimed at achieving the goals of sustainable development and rational environmental management at mining enterprises. On the basis of the developed model, it is planned to develop a new design of quarry hoists that combine the functions of lifting the rock mass and servicing the transfer point. The use of these lifts will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the transition period from open pit mining to open underground mining by working off part of the ramps above the transshipment point and increasing the depth of open pits during the transition to open underground mining, which will allow ore to be mined during the construction of an underground mine. The manufacture of most of the developed design of lifts is possible at the existing production facilities of enterprises in the Chelyabinsk region.

Annotation of the results obtained in 2023
1. The activity of mining enterprises (ME) in the Chelyabinsk region in the framework of the sustainable development concept has been analyzed. It was determined that in the Chelyabinsk region there are more than 150 open pits and underground mines engaged in the extraction of various types of ores and non-metallic minerals. Mining enterprises play an important role in the social and economic development of the region, but having a significant negative impact on the environment. It has been established that deep horizons include conditions of mining operations at depths of more than 200 meters. The development of reserves at such depths requires the development of special geotechnological solutions to ensure sustainable operation and development of the mining and technical system (MTS). The project depths of the Chelyabinsk Region’s mines will be 300 to 540 meters. 2. Reviewed and analyzed sustainability best practices for major global mining operations. It was determined that MEs around the world are implementing green projects, programs and technologies that contribute to the achievement of economic, social and environmental goals of sustainable development. The peculiarities of the reviewed programs, as well as the above programs of the Chelyabinsk Region enterprises, are their predominant focus on the external environment. Programs at the level of the main systems and subsystems of mining enterprises are found in isolated cases. It has been established that foreign studies for mining enterprises actively develop approaches based on the use of the concepts of "green mining", "green and climate-smart mining" and geometallurgy. It has been proven that their implementation will largely determine the development of the mining industry in the future. Mining enterprises are predominantly part of large mining and metallurgical complexes and holdings and, as a result, are elements of international sustainable supply chains and must comply with the sustainable development goals of the countries where the mines are located, the transporting and consumption of extracted raw materials. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive approach to improving the sustainability of MEs. It was found that the main factors influencing the sustainable functioning and development of enterprises are: economic efficiency (weight coefficient 0.24), productivity of the transportation complex (0.16), social efficiency (0.15), environmental efficiency (0.11) and transportation performance (0.11), mine openings (0.08) and the period of solutions use (0.07), technical factors (0.06). 3. The research on the application mathematical methods and models of multicriteria analysis for the conditions of mining enterprises has been carried out. It was determined that most studies using methods and models of multi-criteria analysis are thematic and are devoted to the use of certain MCDM methods on the example of specific deposits, mining enterprises, technological solutions, etc. There are no scientific developments on the use of multi-criteria models for the justification of the mining engineering system and pit opening system parameters. There are no scientific developments on the use of multi-criteria models for the justification of the parameters of the mining and pit opening system. In multi-criteria models classical MCDM methods are mainly used, for example, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which accounts for 19% of the total number of articles. AHP is also the leader among combined MCDM methods - its share is 65%. At the same time, the number of criteria under consideration is quite large: in one-level grouping the number of criteria ranges from 3 to 21; in two-level grouping: at the first level - from 2 to 15 criteria; at the second level - from 5 to 41 sub-criteria, which requires the development and application of more advanced MCDM models to improve the accuracy and reliability of multi-criteria evaluation. 4. The systematization of parameters and indicators of sustainable functioning and development of the mining and technical system was carried out. 51 parameters of sustainable functioning and development of the mining and technical system were determined. These parameters were divided into 6 groups and 19 subgroups depending on their purpose. The considered parameters are the basis of the developed universal system of indicators for assessing the sustainability of development and functioning of the main subsystems of the mining system. More than 30 enlarged groups of principles, which include more than 100 different principles, have been identified. The existing principles of system design and development in the mining industry identified as a result of the analysis were divided into the following groups: system-wide principles; principles aimed at the development of the ME; principles aimed at the development of the MTS; principles aimed at the development of subsystems of the MTS. The analysis of existing principles revealed that currently there is no universal system of principles of sustainable development of the MTS and its subsystems, and most of the known principles are aimed at higher-level systems. The system of evaluation of pit opening system parameters including 8 groups of parameters and 23 indicators is substantiated. This system allows to comprehensively evaluate the pit opening system of deep open pits, taking into account the main technical, technological, social, environmental and economic factors. It has been established that in the conditions of developing reserves of deep horizons of open pits the greatest influence is exerted by technical and technological factors of using mining transportation equipment (excavators, dump trucks). The ranking of parameters and groups of parameters of the pit opening system evaluation was carried out using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) method. Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) was used to rank the parameters influencing the choice of dump trucks. Representatives of mining enterprises of different management levels, design and research organizations, as well as academic experts acted as experts. The result of the assessment is the final ranks of the considered parameters and indicators, which can be used in relation to the conditions of specific mining enterprises. To solve the problem of selecting the model of mine dump trucks the system of parameters is developed. The novelty of the proposed approach is the division and grouping of parameters of the selection of dump trucks by levels of management - organizational, constructive and optimization. The ranking of parameters using the multi-criteria method FUCOM was performed. The results of ranking showed the lack of consistency in approaches to the selection of mine dump trucks at different management levels, which does not allow effective decision-making and requires improvement of the methodology for selecting mining transportation equipment and justification of the main parameters of the open pit systems.

Publications

1. Aleksandr Rakhmangulov, Konstantin Burmistrov and Nikita Osintsev Multi-Criteria System's Design Methodology for Selecting Open Pits Dump Trucks Sustainability, Sustainability 2023, 15 (year - 2024)

2. Burmistrov K.V., Osintsev N.A., Rakhmangulov A.N., Yusupov M.E. Многокритериальный анализ стратегий устойчивого развития глубоких карьеров Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов, - (year - 2023)

3. Burmistrov K.V., Zalyadnov V.Yu., Volkov P.V. Последовательность решения задач в многокритериальной модели обоснова-ния технологических решений по рациональному освоению запасов глубоких горизонтов Современные достижения университетских научных школ: сборник докладов национальной научной школы-конференции (23-24 ноября 2023 г., Магнитогорск), Современные достижения университетских научных школ: сборник докладов национальной научной школы-конференции (23-24 ноября 2023 г., Магнитогорск). – Магнитогорск: Изд-во Магнитогорск. гос. техн. ун-та им. Г.И. Носова, 2023. – Вып. 8. С.175-181 (year - 2023)

4. Konstantin V. Burmistrov, Margar A. Bagdasaryan Разработка технологических схем вскрытия законтурных запасов руды при переходе на открыто-подземный способ разработки месторождения Известия высших учебных заведений. Горный журнал, - (year - 2024)

5. V.Yu. Zalyadnov, S.E. Gavrishev, G.V. Mihaylova Стратегии повышения эффективности комплексного освоения участка недр при открытой геотехнологии Известия Тульского государственного университета. Науки о земле, - (year - 2023)

6. Burmistrov K.V. Геотехнологические решения по формированию системы вскрытия глубоких горизонтов карьеров Издательство Магнитогорск. гос. тех. ун-та им. Г.И. Носова, г. Магнитогорск, Геотехнологические решения по формированию системы вскрытия глубоких горизонтов карьеров: монография / К.В. Бурмистров. – Магнитогорск: Изд-во Магнитогорск. гос. тех. ун-та им. Г.И. Носова, 2023. - 297 с. (year - 2023)

7. - Гордость МГТУ газета Университет Магнитки, - (year - )