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COMMON PART

Project Number24-73-10091

Project titleAdjustment of structural, chemical and mechanical properties of hydrogel biomaterials by magnetically oriented polysaccharide nanocrystals for regulation of functional activity and cellular differentiation of fibroblasts

Project LeadMikhaylov Vasily

AffiliationFederal Research Centre “Коmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”,

Research area 03 - CHEMISTRY AND MATERIAL SCIENCES, 03-405 - Nanostructures and clusters. Supramolecular chemistry. Colloid systems

Keywordspolysaccharide hydrogels, cellulose nanocrystals, chitin nanocrystals, anisotropic nanoparticles, magnetite, colloids, surface chemistry, rheology, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix proteins, cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility, cell adhesion, cell differentiation, cell cycle.

PROJECT CONTENT

Annotation
Artificial biomimetic matrices capable of regulating cellular response and thereby increasing efficiency of regeneration of damaged tissues must meet numerous requirements. For example, surface topography and morphology with adequate pore size for mass transfer, mechanical properties and chemical composition are the main factors for successful cell fixation, growth and proliferation, as well as regulation of the functional activity of target cells for therapeutic effects. Giving the specified biomedical properties to biomaterials based on polysaccharide hydrogels is a high-priority scientific task in the field of development and production of biomedical materials. Complexity of the problem of creating biopolymer matrices with a given composition-structure-properties correlation, capable not only of maintaining the viability of adhered cells, but also of directly influencing cellular physiology, consists in the multifactorial regulation of the structure and properties of biomaterials at micro- and nanoscale levels. In addition, compatibility of chemical and physical methods for regulating the functional properties of biomaterials with their biocompatibility should also be taken into account. The task of the formed interdisciplinary team is to implement a set of new scientific approaches to the use of anisotropic magnetite/polysaccharide nanoparticles in alginate and chitosan hydrogels for the directional regulation of the topography of the adhesive surface, morphology, chemical and physical properties of hydrogel materials, as well as to control their biofunctional properties. The approach is based on the controlled interaction of the polysaccharide forming the gel framework with nanoparticles and the possibility of controlling the properties of the formed colloidal system by orienting particles with anisotropic morphology in a magnetic field. The novelty of the proposed solution from the point of view of biomedical problems is associated with the possibility of implementing an alternative approach to managing the functional activity of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. The expected results of solving the tasks of the project not only expand knowledge and understanding about the influence of structural, chemical and physical characteristics of artificial scaffolds on cellular processes, but also contribute to the scientific foundations of the design of "smart biomaterials" with customizable properties and the ability to regulate the functional activity of cells. Such a new class of composite biomaterials will be in demand both as wound coatings and implantable devices and materials, and when creating three-dimensional structures simulating biological tissues using additive technologies.

Expected results
Current trends in the development of society and the global socio-economic situation actualize developments in the field of cellular technologies and tissue engineering. The use of hydrogel structures based on polysaccharides in the field of cellular technologies is a practically significant and widely researched area. The prospects for modifying properties of these materials and formation of structures with specified parameters using nanoparticles have recently been actively explored due to increased opportunities in the field of nanosystems and due to the new data on chemical, physical and biological properties, methods of their regulation and increased availability of biopolymer nanoparticles. Introduction of polysaccharide nanocrystals with anisotropic morphology into gel structures opens up opportunities to control the micro- and nanoscale structure of hydrogel biomaterial, its mechanical properties, ability to interact with cells and influence their viability and functional activity. This is based on the possibility of interaction of a gel-forming polysaccharide with nanoparticles and possibility of programming the properties of a colloidal system by magnetic orientation of particles with anisotropic morphology in space. In addition, magnetite can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent of a new generation, combining antimicrobial action with high biocompatibility. The implementation of this idea will lead to the following expected scientific and practical results: - information will be obtained on the influence of the type and quantity of polysaccharide nanoparticles, their location (chaotic, oriented) on the main parameters of the structure and properties of polysaccharide gel materials: topography, porosity, mechanical properties, behavior in aqueous systems with different ionic composition; - additional patterns of the influence of surface topography of artificial matrices (frameworks), morphology, mechanical properties and chemical composition on the viability, functional activity and differentiation of fibroblasts and hemocompatibility of biomaterials will be revealed. - artificial biomaterials for cellular and tissue engineering will be obtained that have controllable characteristics (surface structure, morphology of elements, mechanical properties) and are able to regulate the functional response of cells to the microenvironment; - new biocompatible colloidal systems will be created with the possibility of a predictable reaction to changes in external parameters (magnetic field, pH, ionic strength); - new artificial biomaterials will be obtained with the potential for use in wound dressings, implants and in additive technologies for creating tissue engineering structures. Significant is the high potential and relevance of the systems under consideration for the development of medical applications and the creation of implants, transplantable systems, new generations of wound coatings and surgical materials, implanted sensors and other areas of regenerative medicine for health conservation. Of particular importance is the availability of these technologies, the development of more efficient materials for tissue engineering, primarily biocompatible artificial materials.

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